Deficiencies in magnesium can lead to neurological issues, including cognitive decline.
A recent study published in the journal Advances in Nutrition found that maintaining recommended magnesium levels could reduce the risk of dementia. The study, conducted by a team of U.S. scientists, included a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and cohort-based studies to determine whether a connection had been found between the supplement and cognitive health. The new research focused on examining the connection between various amounts of magnesium (Mg) in the body (using existing biomarkers, food intake, and supplements) and cognitive health and neurological functioning.
Dementia is a major contributor to disability and mortality in older adults, affecting memory, behavior, and cognitive abilities needed for daily functioning. There are over 55 million people worldwide affected by the disease, and this is only expected to rise due to an aging population and subsequent economic and healthcare disparities. Identifying factors that may lead to dementia, including stress, depression, and lifestyle choices can help potentially lower the number of cases and slow the disease progression.
Electrolytes, including magnesium, are known to play a role in neurological health, positively affecting brain health with sufficient balances and doing the opposite when deficient.
Proper magnesium levels support muscle and nerve function, regulates blood pressure, and helps maintain a steady heartbeat. Magnesium is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. It also contributes to bone health by aiding in the absorption of calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for maintaining strong bones and teeth. Additionally, magnesium has anti-inflammatory properties, can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improves sleep quality by regulating neurotransmitters involved in sleep.
Magnesium is known to support neuronal health by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage and preserving the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. It also inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and reduces calcium influx, decreasing excitotoxic damage. Deficiencies are linked to memory impairment and oral magnesium has been found to reduce neuroinflammation.
An optimal amount of serum magnesium level of 0.085 millimoles per liter was associated with the lowest dementia risk. However, the association between dietary intake and dementia remained unclear and other forms of magnesium exposure also produced inconclusive cognitive outcomes.
In summary, the study highlighted the lack of conclusive evidence on the role of different forms of magnesium exposure in improving cognitive outcomes and reducing dementia risk. More detailed and long-term studies are necessary to explore the impact of magnesium intake from various sources on cognitive health and the role of magnesium biomarkers in neuronal health.
“Our study shows a 41 percent increase in magnesium intake could lead to less age-related brain shrinkage, which is associated with better cognitive function and lower risk or delayed onset of dementia in later life,” lead author and Ph.D. researcher Khawlah Alateeq, from the ANU National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, said.
The authors concluded, “Future cohort studies are recommended to evaluate various Mg biomarkers and to conduct repeated measurements of Mg intake over time, taking sources (diet or supplements) and other nutrients (e.g., Ca:Mg ratio) into consideration.”
Sources:
Magnesium and Cognitive Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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